CytoGrow™ Recombinant TNF-α (Human), E. coli, Tag Free

Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is produced in E. coli in a tag-free format, yielding a biologically active cytokine suitable for research applications. TNF-α is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine produced primarily by activated macrophages, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, playing a central role in inflammation, immune regulation, and apoptosis.

In humans, TNF-α exerts its effects through TNF receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2, activating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways that regulate cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and programmed cell death. It is critically involved in host defense, autoimmune disorders, chronic inflammation, and cancer biology. Recombinant TNF-α is widely used in studies of immune response, inflammatory disease models, apoptosis signaling, and cancer research.